Recent findings suggest that certain gut microorganisms, specifically archaea, may be behind some cases of constipation. This discovery could lead to improved treatment options for those affected.
Researchers from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center analyzed data from over 1,500 individuals and found a link between an excess of methane-producing archaea and increased occurrences of constipation. Their study indicates that those suffering from intestinal methanogen overgrowth (IMO) could greatly benefit from tailored treatment strategies targeting the underlying issues.
“Our aim is to develop focused therapies for individuals whose constipation stems from IMO,” says Dr. Ali Rezaie, the medical director of the Cedars-Sinai GI Motility Program and a study author. “This could mean moving away from simply using laxatives and toward more personalized care.”
Constipation is a prevalent issue, impacting an estimated 16% of American adults, and is particularly common in those over 60. Symptoms may include bloating, abdominal discomfort, and challenges with bowel movements.
While various factors contribute to constipation—including a low-fiber diet and lack of exercise—this study emphasizes the role of gut health. An imbalanced microbiome, which consists of a diverse community of organisms responsible for digestion, can lead to digestive problems.
Standard treatments often include laxatives, which may relieve symptoms without addressing the root cause. Moreover, they can sometimes exacerbate issues like bloating or diarrhea. However, recognizing IMO’s impact opens the door to more effective solutions.
Dr. Rezaie’s study indicates that patients with IMO frequently experience significant constipation alongside other gastrointestinal issues such as bloating (78%), abdominal pain (65%), and flatulence (56%).
Diagnosing IMO might be straightforward with a breath test that detects elevated methane levels. “High levels of archaea lead to excessive methane production, which can be measured via breath analysis,” explains Dr. Rezaie.
With a proper diagnosis, potential treatments could include antibiotics and specific dietary adjustments to reduce archaea levels. “This is a crucial step forward for recognizing and treating gut health,” he notes.
Thomas Idris Marquand, an earth scientist at the University of Cambridge studying breath methane, highlights that up to 40% of people may have excess methane due to variations in their gut microbiome. “Understanding the acquisition of methanogens could help clarify their impact on health,” he says.
This systematic review, comprising 19 studies, is published in the journal Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
Reference
Mehravar, S., Takakura, W., Wang, J., Pimentel, M., Nasser, J., Rezaie, A. (2024). Symptom profile of patients with intestinal methanogen overgrowth: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2024.07.020