Inside the Israel-Lebanon Conflict: Key Facts and Unanswered Questions

Israel’s military has announced it has conducted “limited ground operations” in Lebanon as part of its ongoing efforts against Hezbollah militants.

The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) reported that these operations consist of “localized and targeted ground raids” aimed at Hezbollah’s infrastructure.

Smoke rises from Beirut
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Key Points

According to an IDF statement on X, a political decision drove the targeting of specific Hezbollah locations in southern Lebanon, backed by reliable intelligence. The military stated that Operation “Northern Arrows” would progress based on ongoing evaluations and alongside operations in Gaza and elsewhere, with an emphasis on “returning northern Israel’s citizens to their homes.”

Residents in over two dozen southern Lebanese villages have been urged to evacuate north of the Al-Awali River, approximately 30 miles from the border.

IDF spokesperson Daniel Hagari noted that while the operation was publicly launched on Tuesday, Israeli forces had conducted numerous operations inside Lebanon previously, primarily focused on destroying tunnels.

In response, Hezbollah claimed to have struck Metula, a northern Israeli town, with artillery and rocket fire, framing the attack as support for Palestinians in Gaza and a defense of Lebanon.

Meanwhile, Israeli airstrikes targeted Beirut, hitting several Hezbollah-related sites in the Dahieh suburb, known as a Hezbollah stronghold. Lebanon’s Prime Minister, Najib Mikati, reported that around one million people have been displaced since the onset of Israeli airstrikes last month, describing the current situation as “one of the most dangerous phases” in Lebanon’s history.

Lebanon strikes
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Uncertainties Ahead

This marks the fourth confirmed entry of Israeli forces into Lebanese territory since 2006, yet specific details about the operation, including its location along the extensive border and long-term objectives, remain vague.

A senior official mentioned that Israeli troops had only ventured “very close” into Lebanon without encountering any clashes. On the other hand, Hezbollah refuted Israel’s claims, labeling them as false and affirming their preparedness for confrontation if necessary.

It is still unclear what Israel’s ultimate goals are for this operation, especially as officials have indicated there won’t be a “long-term occupation,” though the duration of the operation remains undefined. U.S. officials anticipate the military actions will be brief, lasting “days, not weeks,” with a limited geographical scope.

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